Class
| • | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | [X] |
| | 1 | Name: | Dr. Shiing-shen Chern | | | Institution: | University of California, Berkeley | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1911 | | | Death Date: | December 3, 2004 | | | | |
| 2 | Name: | Dr. Dudley Robert Herschbach | | | Institution: | Harvard University | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 102. Chemistry and Chemical Biochemistry | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Living
| | | Birth Date: | 1932 | | | | | | |
Dudley Herschbach was born in San Jose, California (1932) and received his B.S. degree in Mathematics (1954) and M.S. in Chemistry (1955) at Stanford University, followed by an A.M. degree in Physics (1956) and Ph.D. in Chemical Physics (1958) at Harvard University. After a term as Junior Fellow in the Society of Fellows at Harvard (1957-1959), he was a member of the chemistry faculty at the University of California, Berkeley (1959-1963) before returning to Harvard as Professor of Chemistry (1963), where he was Baird Professor of Science (1976-2003) and is now an Emeritus Professor. Since 2005 he has been a Professor of Physics (fall only) at Texas A&M University. He has served as Chairman of the Chemical Physics program (1964-1977) and the Chemistry Department (1977-1980), as a member of the Faculty Council (1980-1983), and Co-Master with his wife Georgene of Currier House (1981-1986). His teaching roster includes graduate courses in quantum mechanics, chemical kinetics, molecular spectroscopy, and collision theory, as well as undergraduate courses in physical chemistry and general chemistry for freshmen, his most challenging assignment. Currently he gives a freshman seminar course on Molecular Motors and an informal graduate "minicourse" on topics in chemical physics. He is engaged in several efforts to improve K-16 science education and public understanding of science. He serves as Chair of the Board of Trustees of Science Service, which publishes Science News and conducts the Intel ScienceTalent Search and the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair. He is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Association for Women in Science, and the Royal Chemical Society of Great Britain. His awards include the Pure Chemistry Prize of the American Chemical Society (1965), the Linus Pauling Medal (1978), the Michael Polanyi Medal (1981), the Irving Langmuir Prize of the American Physical Society (1983), the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1986), jointly with Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi, the National Medal of Science (1991), the Jaroslav Heyrovsky Medal (1992), the Sierra Nevada Distinguished Chemist Award (1993), the Kosolapoff Award of the ACS (1994), and the William Walker Prize (1994). He was named by Chemical & Engineering News among the 75 leading contributors to the chemical enterprise in the past 75 years (1998). Dr. Herschbach's current research is devoted to methods of orienting molecules for studies of collision stereodynamics, means of slowing and trapping molecules in order to examine chemistry at long deBroglie wavelengths, a dimensional scaling approach to strongly correlated many-particle interactions, and theoretical analysis of molecular motors, particularly enzyme-DNA systems. | |
| 3 | Name: | Dr. Leon M. Lederman | | | Institution: | Fermi National Accelerator Lab & Illinois Institute of Technology | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 106. Physics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1922 | | | Death Date: | October 3, 2018 | | | | | | |
Leon Lederman was an internationally renowned specialist in high energy physics and winner of the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics. He was involved in the discovery that there is more than one type of neutrino and led the team that found the 'bottom quark'. He retired in 1989 after ten years as the Director of Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. That year he became the Frank L. Sulzberger Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago, while continuing to promote science education.
After receiving his B.A. from New York City College, Columbia University awarded him an M.A. in 1948 and a Ph.D. in 1951. Dr. Lederman was associated with Columbia as both student and faculty member for more than thirty years. From 1962 to 1989 he was Director of Nevis Laboratories in Irvington, which is the Columbia Physics Department's center for experimental research in high energy physics. In addition to his own research career and administrative activities, Dr. Lederman has long recognized the importance of science education in the intellectual and economic health of society. In 1998, he became Resident Scholar at the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy, a three-year residential public school for gifted Illinois high school students, which he helped found in 1986.
Dr. Lederman published well over 300 papers and is the author of two popular science books: From Quarks to the Cosmos (with David Schramm) and The God Particle with Dick Teresi. He edited Portraits of Great American Scientists, written with fifteen high school students. The recipient of numerous honors and prizes, he shared the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physics with Jack Steinberger and Mel Schwartz for their work on neutrinos. He was also the recipient of the Enrico Fermi Prize, the 1973 National Medal of Science, and the 1982 Wolf Prize. He was elected to membership in the American Philosophical Society in 1989. Leon Lederman died October 3, 2018 in Rexburg, Idaho at the age of 96. | |
| 4 | Name: | Dr. Shmuel Winograd | | | Institution: | IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center | | | Year Elected: | 1989 | | | Class: | 1. Mathematical and Physical Sciences | | | Subdivision: | 104. Mathematics | | | Residency: | Resident | | | Living? : |
Deceased
| | | Birth Date: | 1936 | | | Death Date: | March 25, 2019 | | | | | | |
One of the chief founders of the field of mathematics known as Computational Complexity, Shmuel Winograd joined IBM as a research staff member in 1961 and went on to direct the company's mathematical sciences department from 1970-74 and 1980-94. He was an IBM Fellow in the IBM Research Division of the Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Noted for his work on fast algorithms for arithmetic, particularly the Coppersmith-Winograd algorithm, he received his B.Sc. and M.Sc. in electrical engineering from MIT in 1959 and his Ph.D. in mathematics from NYU in 1968. Dr. Winograd is credited with answering a fundamental question of computational theory: how many logical steps are required to add or multiply numbers. In an elegant and completely general solution, he answered these key questions for any method of representing numbers and for any kind of circuit design. This work gave computer designers their first analytical tool for determining the ultimate speed of a given technology and also showed, contrary to widely held beliefs, that multiplication could be performed faster than addition. Continuing this work, Dr. Winograd went on to obtain very good estimates on the smallest number of arithmetic operations needed to do certain very frequently used mathematical computations. Dr. Winograd was a fellow of the IEEE and ACM and a member of SIAM, the National Academy of Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. | |
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